Traditional semeiotics has been an essential component of the medical armamentarium since the time of Hippocrates. The
advent of ever-new biomarkers and increasingly sophisticated diagnostic and imaging techniques has unfortunately led the
physician and, even more so, the pediatrician to delegate diagnosis to the outcome of all these investigations. Looking for
signs and symptoms of diseases with careful, objective examination should create in the physician's mind a landscape of hy-
potheses for accurate differential diagnosis. At this point, clinical and laboratory investigations will be aimed at clarifying the
diagnostic suspicions. The patient, parents, or guardians will better accept the examination if the physician clarifies why an
examination is necessary and how it is essential to clarify their diagnostic suspicion. This will also reduce the emotional bur-
den and increase trust in the physician, reducing the risk of dissatisfaction and legal recourse. Limited health care resources
and sound health policy require an appropriate diagnostic pathway in which the patient and, in the case of children, their par-
ents or guardians are informed parties.
This issue of CPR contains many articles that agree with these considerations, starting with the letter to the editor remind-
ing us of the "Value of femoral pulse palpation in asymptomatic and sick infants."
It continues with the case report on the importance of clinical evidence and the value of outcome in multisystem inflamma-
tory syndrome in an infant.
The review articles remind us of the importance of prenatal factors and early environmental exposure. They also highlight
how predictive medicine is increasingly emerging, which also has its role in understanding the predictive potential of the oral
microbiome in the development and progression of childhood caries.
Up-to-date knowledge of the causative agents of disease is also critical for differential diagnosis, as the articles in this is-
sue remind us:
A respiratory syncytial virus is the most common causative agent of viral bronchiolitis in children.
Targeted treatment and immunotherapy in pediatric high-risk and relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
There was clinical and molecular heterogeneity of Silver-Russell syndrome and therapeutic challenges in Silver-Russell
syndrome.
There is an association between pesticide exposure and childhood asthma.
Research articles focus the reader's attention on the following:
MRI and ultrasound comparison clarifies the diagnostic suspicion of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in preterm infants.
There are maternal and placental risk factors for gestational age and fetal malnutrition.
Potential role of bilirubin in preventing retinopathy of prematurity.
Rate of beta-thalassemia carriers: The burden of problems among high school children.
In conclusion, Current Pediatric Review encourages and supports review and research articles that aim to improve and
deepen the reader's knowledge and allow them to increase peace of mind in the difficult job of being a physician and even a
pediatrician.