Technology is pushing the bounds of veterinary medicine to new limits. In this research, various new advancements and technologies in veterinary medicine are discussed. Importance of advent in stem cell therapy, fiber optics, anesthesia and anesthetic monitoring and laser surgery, which are novel and emerging therapies are highlights of the review. The clinical use of stem cells in veterinary medicine in several species is at its early stage but it has revolutionized the concept of healing. Use of fiber optic technology in diagnosis is one of the most exciting developments in veterinary medicine. Alfaxalone is the newest anesthetic induction agent approved by the FDA, while surgical lasers have been successful in enhancing the operating room experiences. Many additional new therapies and technologies are becoming available all the time, continually improving the health and longevity of animals. This review gives a brief presentation of all the important innovative technologies safeguarding the health of animals.

INTRODUCTION:

The world of medicine, including veterinary medicine, is a constantly changing one. The adage “adapt or die”, has never been more relevant that in current times, when technology is constantly advancing. Recent trends in veterinary technology have moved towards the integration of hand-held devices and consumer-based technology to monitor pets and interact with veterinarians. Over the past decade or so, veterinary medicine has seen many changes concerning diagnosis, treatment, and care. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), ultrasound scans, and laparoscopy that were used solely on human beings are now the norm for treating pets and other animals as well. Following suit are digital radiographs that replace X-ray films for digital communication, thorough assessment, and effective treatment. Digital dental X-rays and advanced oral surgery instruments also follow this pattern, enabling veterinarians to improve oral health in pets. Newer inventions further address health issues in pets not just within clinics, but on an all-around basis for prevention and better care. In this article, we would like to discuss some of the more recent changes in the world of veterinary medicine.

Stem cell therapy:

The clinical use of stem cells in veterinary medicine is clearly in its early stages. Applications for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF) cells in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies are currently in use in several species, although the differential efficacies of various approaches are still being investigated. Optimization of these stem cell-based therapies will focus on the cellular origin, isolation, enrichment, and processing as well as on the timing, route of administration, formulation, and dosing of those therapies. Development of confirmed embryonic stem or induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic species would greatly facilitate the development of a wider range of clinical applications. Use of stem cell-based approaches in attempts to preserve the germplasm of threatened species could begin on an opportunistic basis in the form of xenografting of testis tissue obtained quickly after the death of prepubertal individuals. However, this must still be considered a research endeavour given the largely unknown causes of species differences in the success of spermatogenesis as well as the need to perform subsequent techniques of assisted reproduction which have themselves not yet been determined for most species.

Fiber optics:

One of the most exciting developments in veterinary medicine in the last few years is fiber optic technology. Briefly, fibre optics involves the use of small plastic fiber that carry light along their entire length. In veterinary medicine, bundles of these fibers are put together in an endoscope. These scopes, which resemble black cables or hoses, are useful for many procedures. For example, to aid in the diagnosis of vomiting or diarrhoea, the veterinarian can pass an endoscope into a sedated or anesthetized animal and look at or take biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract. Optical fibers can assess animal behaviour using both optical imaging/recording and the manipulation of neural activity (Miyamoto and Murayama, 2016). Smaller versions of these scopes can be used for diagnosing bladder disorders, urethral problems, and for looking at the internal female reproductive tract. Endoscopes are also useful in emergencies when an animal has swallowed a foreign object. For the coughing companion, a small version of an endoscope called a bronchoscope can be placed into the animal’s airway for visualization and biopsy. Formerly, these procedures could only be done through surgery. Endoscopic examination, diagnosis and treatment are much less expensive. There are also fewer complications than an animal would potentially experience through surgery (e.g. infections, bleeding and disruption of the surgical wound).

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