Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are rare lesions characterized by hypergastrinemia that arise from enterochromaffin-like cells of the stomach. GNETs consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms comprising tumor types of varying pathogenesis, histomorphologic characteristics, and biological behaviour.

Types of stomach NETs

There are 3 types of stomach (gastric) neuroendocrine tumours. The type of neuroendocrine tumour you have depends on a number of factors, including whether the stomach cells make the hormone gastrin.

The grade means how abnormal the cells look under the microscope. The grade gives doctors an idea of how quickly a cancer might grow and whether it will spread.

The tests and scans you have to diagnose stomach NET give information about the type and grade. They also provide information about the stage of your NET. This means how big it is and whether it has spread. All this information together helps your doctor decide which treatment you need.

Type -1

The most common type of stomach neuroendocrine tumours is type 1. Between 70 and 80 out of 100 stomach NETs are type 1. They are slightly more common in women than in men.

They are often associated with a condition called chronic atrophic gastritis. This causes inflammation of the stomach cells, which leads to problems with stomach acid production.

It is rare that type 1 stomach NETs cause symptoms, so most people are diagnosed with it during tests for other problems.

These stomach NETs are usually benign and they are made up of cells that look similar to stomach cancer cell. It’s rare that they spread to other parts of the body, or spread into surrounding tissues and cause damage.

Type 1 stomach neuroendocrine tumours are small. And there is often more than one tumour, all of which are small, usually around 5mm. Often the normal stomach cells produce the hormone gastrin. So, the gastrin level in the blood is usually high.

Type- 2

Type 2 stomach neuroendocrine tumours are much less common than type 1. They are often small and there is usually more than one tumour. Although rare they are most common in people with the genetic hormonal condition MEN1. Or, in people with a tumour in the pancreas or duodenum called a gastrinoma. Your gastrin level might be high in the blood. And the stomach juices are very acidic.

Type- 3

Between 10 and 30 out of every 100 type 2 tumours spread to another part of the body.

Between 15 and 20 out of 100 neuroendocrine tumours are type 3. There is usually one, larger tumour. They have often grown into nearby structures. Under a microscope, the cells look less like normal stomach cancer cells and they grow and divide quickly.

The level of gastrin in the blood is not usually high. They often produce no symptoms. Or you might have:

• pain
• weight loss
• low red blood cells due to iron deficiency

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