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According to Heredia and Garca (2018), raw animal meat can serve as a reservoir for a number of bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses and food spoilage. The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is widely dispersed in food and the environment.Typically, it can be found in environmental sources including soil and water. It is believed to be present on fruits, vegetables, and meat.P. aeruginosa can thrive and proliferate even in varied temperatures when meat is stored aerobically .It is easily developed in dairy, meat, fish, and other sample types that have been aerobically held at low temperatures.

There were various virulence factors in P. aeruginosa that contributed to the pathogenesis of illnesses and associated infections. Three phenazine molecules that are responsible for the intracellular oxidative effects are encoded by phenazine operons (phzH, phzM, and phzS), which secrete the precursor proteins.Other crucial virulence components of P. aeruginosa include the genes lasA and lasB, exoenzymes exoS, exoT, exoU, and exoY, haemolytic and non-haemolytic phospholipase C (plcH and plcN), and alginate-encoded genes algD and algU.These genes allow P. aeruginosa strains to readily adhere to epithelial cells, invade them, and cause more inflammation and harm.

According to recent findings, P. aeruginosa strains are highly resistant to many antimicrobial treatments.P. aeruginosa strains that were resistant to antibiotics led to more severe infections that lasted longer and cost more money.About 32,500 infections and 2700 fatalities caused by resistant P. aeruginosa in hospitalised patients in the United States in 2017.In this regard, antibiotics with aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, penicillins, quinolones, cephalosporins, macrolides, and -lactams have the greatest documented rates of resistance.

Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) types have emerged in recent years among P. aeruginosa strains on plasmids, which frequently serve as additional resistance determinants.ESBL enzymes may develop resistance to cephalosporins, monobactam, and carbapenems in P. aeruginosa.Among these, the most prevalent and clinically significant genes are blaSHV, blaTEM, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaVEB, and blaCTX-M.

The current study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance rate, and distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa strain isolated from raw meat and carcasses surface swab samples of bovine and ovine species. This was done in light of the uncertain role that meat and animal carcasses play as sources of P. aeruginosa transmission to the human population and also a risk of foodborne diseases.