Ileitis is a condition characterized by irritation or inflammation of the ileum, the last part of the small intestine that joins the large intestine. Symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, cramping or pain in the abdomen, or fistulas (abnormal channels that develop between parts of the intestine). Ileitis can be caused by many conditions, Crohn’s disease being the most common. Other causes include infections, effects of NSAIDs, ischemia and abnormal growths.

Ileitis, chronic inflammation of one or more sections of the intestine. In its strict sense, the term refers to an inflammation of the lower, or terminal, portion of the small intestine, known as the ileum. A specific and more serious type of inflammation involving both the small and large intestines is known as regional ileitis, or Crohn disease.

The cause of the Ileitis disease is unknown. The leading theory is that inflammation is initiated by bacteria that reside within the intestine. Whereas most inflammation usually is suppressed, and the disease caused by the inflammation subsides, in Ileitis disease the inflammation is not suppressed, and the inflammation continues. The continuing inflammation probably occurs because of environmental factors (i.e., the bacteria) as well as genetic factors that affect the immune system. Crohn's sometimes runs in families, too. Having a parent or sibling with the disease raises your own risk.

Isolated terminal ileitis is commonly associated with Crohn's disease but there are other conditions that should be suspected and can mimic Crohn's disease histologically and endoscopically in the Ileum. NSAIDS are an important cause of ITI and need to be specifically inquired from the patient. If not considered it can result in misdiagnosis of Crohn's disease and inappropriate treatment.

Clinical Gastroenterology Journal (formerly Journal of Colitis & Diverticulitis) is a peer reviewed, open access journal considering research on all aspects of digestive system, gastrointestinal diseases, liver, bilary tract, pancreas, diseases of related organs Ulcer medicine, Colitis, Diverticulitis and associated disorders and their treatment. The Journal aims to provide a platform for the exchange of scientific information addressing clinical research and practice of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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With Regards
Jessica Watson
Managing Editor
Clinical Gastroenterology Journal