In practically all societies around the world, social justice and equality is a major concern. Other key subjects covered are human rights, social policies, and social welfare issues, among others. Concerns about colour, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic level, educational attainment, and other criteria that “categorise” people in a society are included. As a result, the complicated relationship between social justice, equality, and social welfare is critical to comprehending the values, conventions, and attitudes that people in a given society hold.

 In this paper, I will discuss social justice and equality, as well as how they affect social policy and practise. I'll also talk about some important ideas like poverty and human rights, as well as certain social justice challenges that vulnerable Canadians face.

Let us begin by defining the term "social welfare." According to Hick (2007), social welfare has a variety of applications, but it is most commonly observed in four main themes. Social welfare can be defined as a philosophical notion or as "an abstract set of ideas that enable society to seek answers to social problems." It can alternatively be viewed as a "product" or "legislated documents that specify how corporations should operate."

In his book, Hick argues that the government's social welfare programmes are dwindling, and citizens are increasingly relying on non-profit and for-profit organisations. Cuts to the government's social service budget have been enacted, and severe qualifying standards have been established to assess who is "deserving" of support.

So, what does it mean to have a socially just welfare system? Because we all have diverse experiences, our definitions of “socially just” wellbeing can differ. Our definitions may differ due to elements that influence our perception and behaviour, such as our family, the media, religion, education, socioeconomic level, or previous experiences with social welfare. For example, if one comes from a low-income household, “socially-just” welfare could be defined as programmes that provide monetary, social, and psychological aid to all low-income families without requiring rigorous eligibility criteria. This is because he or she knows directly how difficult it is to come from a low-income background. On the other hand, if a person comes from a wealthy family and works hard to make a living, he or she may argue that a “socially just” welfare system is one that has tight qualifying requirements. He or she may argue that government dollars should not be used to "help" persons who are not in desperate need. In short, our perspectives on a "socially just welfare" system may differ due to the experiences and variables that affect our perceptions.

There are also new perspectives about what constitutes a "socially just" welfare system. For example, Anthony Giddens' (1998) proposal for a "social investment state" focuses on "social inclusion by developing civil society and offering equality of opportunity rather than equality of outcomes." In order to be sustainable, Giddens believes that occupations should not be low-paying and dead-end.

Furthermore, an inclusive society must meet the basic requirements of individuals who are unable to work. This is one of numerous perspectives that can be used to examine various elements of social wellbeing.