Environmental change acts at individual, host-parasite interaction and ecological levels. Current biodiversity studies focuses on species extinction rates and in what way they are amplified by human-mediated environmental changes. Host-parasite interactions represent one such evolutionary process. Parasitism can be a driver of species divergence and thereby significantly alter species formation processes. Both rapid and gradual changes of the environment can modify host immune responses, parasite virulence and the specificity of their interactions. They will thereby change host–parasite evolutionary trajectories and the potential for speciation in both hosts and parasites. Here, it summarises the mechanisms of host–parasite interactions affecting speciation and subsequently consider their susceptibility to environmental changes. 

Our journal of Scientific Journal of Zoology is great platform of animal science which deals with behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution.

You can submit your related manuscript to the https://www.sjournals.org/scientific-journal-of-zoology.html  for publication in any type of research work as original papers, review article, and short communication.

Environmental change acts at individual, host-parasite interaction and ecological levels. Current biodiversity studies focuses on species extinction rates and in what way they are amplified by human-mediated environmental changes. Host-parasite interactions represent one such evolutionary process. Parasitism can be a driver of species divergence and thereby significantly alter species formation processes. Both rapid and gradual changes of the environment can modify host immune responses, parasite virulence and the specificity of their interactions. They will thereby change host–parasite evolutionary trajectories and the potential for speciation in both hosts and parasites. Here, it summarises the mechanisms of host–parasite interactions affecting speciation and subsequently consider their susceptibility to environmental changes. 

Our journal of Scientific Journal of Zoology is great platform of animal science which deals with behaviour, biochemistry and physiology, developmental biology, ecology, genetics, morphology and ultrastructure, parasitology and pathology, and systematics and evolution.

You can submit your related manuscript to the https://www.sjournals.org/scientific-journal-of-zoology.html  for publication in any type of research work as original papers, review article, and short communication.