The exploration, production, and environmental biotechnology of petroleum are all topics covered in the Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology. Petroleum exploration and production involves extracting hydrocarbons from the earth's underground reservoirs with the aid of several different disciplines, including petroleum geology, drilling, reservoir simulation, reservoir engineering, completions, and oil and gas facilities engineering. Crude oil or natural gas are two of the available forms of the hydrocarbons that were generated. Environmental engineering is a method for integrating science and engineering that can be used to enhance the quality of the environment, including the air, water, and land.

The multifaceted approach will lead to bio-mimicry when appropriately constructed. It is crucial to understand that bio-mimicry cannot simply be viewed as the science of copying nature; rather, each difficulty and each location will determine the design. A complicated collection of natural mechanisms that have been duplicated with a particular goal in mind is referred to as a biomimetic system. These processes might include, among others, phytoremediation, bioremediation, mycoremediation (an emerging field), interactions between bacteria and macroinvertebrates, reproduction of natural landscapes, and reintroduction of food webs. Any wetland design therefore needs to take into account the following factors: remedial objectives, timelines, substrate, soil chemistry, hydrology and geomorphology, vegetation, presence of endangered species or critical habitat, wildlife, cultural and socioeconomic impacts, and the toxicity, fate, and transport of the relevant contaminants.

Other important factors may include particular microsystems, a region's temperature and seasonality, or the history of a particular territory. As a result, it's essential to have people who are experts in their industry and have relevant experience in addition to wetland specialists. These experts should focus on local, indigenous species, phytoremediation, mycoremediation, an ecologist to ensure the wetland reflects the local environment, an engineer to help with the design, and a hydro geologist to assess the aquifer boundaries, flow patterns, and volume. A geologist should also determine the lithology of the soil and bedrock and relevant thickness.

To create a multifaceted strategy that incorporates the three pillars of sustainability—social equality, economy, and the environment—all of these experts must collaborate fluidly. Failure to adopt this strategy suggests a lack of understanding for the processes at play, which can and frequently does lead to a variety of issues, including low seed production, obstacles to natural plant colonisation, the spread of insects and other pests, odours, unsightly spaces, and ultimately system failure. A correctly built wetland, on the other hand, will be aesthetically beautiful, reasonably inexpensive to build and operate, effective, dependable, and ecologically sound, relatively pest-free, operational year-round, providing excellent habitat for wildlife, and simple to manage.