Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) – (the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), chronic hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C. Heavy drinking over a number of years can cause alcoholic liver disease. NASH has a number of causes, including obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal levels of cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Less common causes of cirrhosis include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis that disrupt bile duct function, genetic disorders such as Wilson's disease and hereditary hemochromatosis, and chronic heart failure with liver congestion.

Diagnosis is based on blood tests, medical imaging, and liver biopsy.

Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B and the development of cirrhosis, but there is no vaccination against hepatitis C. There is no specific treatment for cirrhosis but many of the underlying causes may be treated by a number of medications that may slow or prevent worsening of the condition. Avoiding alcohol is recommended in all cases. Hepatitis B and C may be treatable with antiviral medications. Autoimmune hepatitis may be treated with steroid medications. Ursodiol may be useful if the disease is due to blockage of the bile ducts. Other medications may be useful for complications such as abdominal or leg swelling, hepatic encephalopathy, and dilated esophageal veins. If cirrhosis leads to liver failure a liver transplant may be an option.

Cirrhosis affected about 2.8 million people and resulted in 1.3 million deaths in 2015. Of these deaths, alcohol caused 348,000, hepatitis C caused 326,000, and hepatitis B caused 371,000. In the United States, more men die of cirrhosis than women. The first known description of the condition is by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE. The term cirrhosis was invented in 1819, from a Greek word for the yellowish color of a diseased liver.

Journal of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases & Disorders brings articles in all areas related to inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel disease treatment, abdominal pain, collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, diversion colitis, colon cancer, colon failure, colon disorders, intestinal endometria, bowel endometriasis, crohn's disease, celiac disease, bowel cancer, etc.

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Journal of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Disorders
ISSN: 2476-1958